What is Ankle Arthroscopy?
Ankle arthroscopy is a minimally invasive “keyhole” surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat problems inside the ankle joint. The word arthroscopy comes from the Greek words arthro (joint) and skopein (to look), meaning “to look within the joint.”
The procedure is performed through small incisions in the skin using a slender telescope called an arthroscope, which is connected to a video camera. This allows the surgeon to see inside the ankle and treat a range of conditions without the need for a large incision.
Compared to traditional open surgery, ankle arthroscopy is less painful, carries a lower risk of infection, and allows for a quicker and easier recovery.
Who is Ankle Arthroscopy For?
Ankle arthroscopy is suitable for patients who have ongoing ankle pain, stiffness, swelling, or instability that has not improved with non-surgical treatments such as rest, physiotherapy, or medication.
The procedure can be used both for diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of ankle conditions, including:
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Torn or damaged cartilage
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Torn ligaments
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Loose bone or cartilage fragments
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Damaged joint surfaces
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Inflammation of the joint lining (synovitis)
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Scar tissue or impingement restricting movement
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Ankle instability or mild misalignment
Arthroscopy may also be performed to take small tissue samples (biopsies) or to assess damage following injury.
Benefits of Ankle Arthroscopy
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Minimally invasive: Uses very small incisions, reducing pain and scarring.
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Precise diagnosis and treatment: Allows direct visualisation and repair of problems inside the joint.
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Faster recovery: Smaller wounds mean less pain and a quicker return to activity.
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Low infection risk: The small incision size reduces the likelihood of infection or wound complications.
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Day procedure: Most patients go home the same day, without the need for an overnight hospital stay.
Risks and Complications
While ankle arthroscopy is a safe and commonly performed procedure, all surgery carries some risk. Possible complications
include:
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Infection at the incision sites or within the joint.
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Bleeding, bruising, or swelling after surgery.
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Blood clots (rare).
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Temporary stiffness or discomfort.
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Damage to nearby nerves, cartilage, or tendons (very rare).
Serious complications are uncommon, and most patients experience excellent outcomes and rapid recovery.
Before and After Surgery
Before surgery
Patients will undergo a full assessment to confirm that arthroscopy is the most suitable treatment option. Imaging tests such as x-rays or MRI scans may be used to evaluate the joint. You should inform your surgeon of any medical conditions, allergies, or medications you take. Patients are usually advised not to eat or drink for several hours before surgery.
Surgery
Ankle arthroscopy is usually performed under general or spinal anaesthetic and takes about 30 to 60 minutes. The surgeon makes one or two small incisions around the ankle to insert the arthroscope and miniature surgical instruments. Damaged tissue or loose fragments can then be removed or repaired, and the joint is flushed to remove debris.
Recovery
Most patients are able to go home the same day. You may need to use crutches for a few days to limit weight-bearing on the ankle. Swelling and mild discomfort are normal for a short period and can be managed with elevation and pain relief.
Physiotherapy is often recommended to restore movement, strength, and stability. Most patients return to light activities within one to two weeks, with full recovery typically taking four to six weeks, depending on the extent of the procedure.